Département de philosophie, Université de Montréal
Pavillon 2910 Édouard-Montpetit, Faculté des arts et des sciences
CP 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville
Montréal QC
H3C 3J7
Canada
Philosophy Department, University of Montreal
Building 2910 Edouard-Montpetit, Faculty of Arts and Sciences
P.O.Box 6128, Station Centre-ville
Montreal, Quebec
H3C 3J7 Canada
2910
Blvd. Édouard-Montpetit, local 402
(métro Université de Montréal)
2910
Édouard-Montpetit Blvd., Office 402
(Subway Station Université de Montréal,)
Frédéric Bouchard, Philippe Huneman (Eds) (2013) From Groups to Individuals:
Evolution and Emerging Individuality, MIT Press, Vienna Series in Theoretical Biology, 288p [MIT Press| amazon.com| chapters.ca| barnes&noble| amazon.ca|amazon.fr| amazon.co.uk] ebook: [ebooks@MITpress|itunes] |
|
“A thoroughly modern take on the timeless questions surrounding the evolution of groups and individuality—rich and rigorous, creatively contrarian, and occasionally iconoclastic.” “The final sentence of Bouchard’s chapter, which is also the book’s final sentence, is a research ‘‘manifesto’’: ‘‘Focusing on individuals and how they sometimes evolve into superindividuals is the way forward in our messy multispecies world’’ (p. 261). There is much that is original and insightful in From Groups to Individuals. Evolution and Emerging Individuality. A good read!” |
"This comprehensive and rather engaging collection will get you right up to date. (...) Included here are some useful reflections on the notion of the “superorganism,” something that in recent years has had a life in biology (with its championing by Edward O. Wilson) and out of biology (with the championing of the Gaia hypothesis by James Lovelock). The volume concludes with a sprightly essay on symbiosis by one of the editors, the French-Canadian philosopher of biology Frédéric Bouchard. I was glad to see how he linked his discussion to human digestion, with interesting implications for a subject that this journal has long championed, evolutionary medicine. Perhaps what seems at first to be a rather ethereal collection does in the end have real implications for life. It would be nice to think so." Michael Ruse in Quarterly Review of Biology
"(...)To sum up, I would say that, while this collection will definitely be of interest to the specialist, its chief merit is perhaps providing an accessible and up-to-date synthesis of biological individuality in an evolutionary context. It offers an original and remarkably coherent perspective on this notion, focusing not only on its most philosophical aspects, but also on its multiple biological (e.g., evolutionary and physiological) facets. I strongly recommend it to all the biologists and philosophers who were once puzzled by this simple question: what is an organism?"Johannes Martens in Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews
" (...)the reader discovers every argument about how groups, colonies, and societies can be unified within an integrated whole, and is thus ready to make up her/his own mind on the subject. Any scientists or students willing to understand how individuals come to existence should read this thought-provoking and inspiring piece of work." Bernard Thierry in American Journal of Human Biology
"Careful editing prevents the differences among the eleven thought-provoking individual |
Entrevue dans le magazine L’actualité, Janvier 2015
Entrevue dans le magazine Québec Science, décembre 2014
Frédéric Bouchard, Philippe Huneman (Eds) (2013) From Groups to Individuals:
Evolution and Emerging Individuality, MIT Press, Vienna Series in Theoretical Biology, 288p [MIT Press| amazon.com| chapters.ca| barnes&noble| amazon.ca|amazon.fr| amazon.co.uk] ebook: [ebooks@MITpress|itunes] |
|
“A thoroughly modern take on the timeless questions surrounding the evolution of groups and individuality—rich and rigorous, creatively contrarian, and occasionally iconoclastic.” “The final sentence of Bouchard’s chapter, which is also the book’s final sentence, is a research ‘‘manifesto’’: ‘‘Focusing on individuals and how they sometimes evolve into superindividuals is the way forward in our messy multispecies world’’ (p. 261). There is much that is original and insightful in From Groups to Individuals. Evolution and Emerging Individuality. A good read!” |
"This comprehensive and rather engaging collection will get you right up to date. (...) Included here are some useful reflections on the notion of the “superorganism,” something that in recent years has had a life in biology (with its championing by Edward O. Wilson) and out of biology (with the championing of the Gaia hypothesis by James Lovelock). The volume concludes with a sprightly essay on symbiosis by one of the editors, the French-Canadian philosopher of biology Frédéric Bouchard. I was glad to see how he linked his discussion to human digestion, with interesting implications for a subject that this journal has long championed, evolutionary medicine. Perhaps what seems at first to be a rather ethereal collection does in the end have real implications for life. It would be nice to think so." Michael Ruse in Quarterly Review of Biology
"(...)To sum up, I would say that, while this collection will definitely be of interest to the specialist, its chief merit is perhaps providing an accessible and up-to-date synthesis of biological individuality in an evolutionary context. It offers an original and remarkably coherent perspective on this notion, focusing not only on its most philosophical aspects, but also on its multiple biological (e.g., evolutionary and physiological) facets. I strongly recommend it to all the biologists and philosophers who were once puzzled by this simple question: what is an organism?"Johannes Martens in Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews
" (...)the reader discovers every argument about how groups, colonies, and societies can be unified within an integrated whole, and is thus ready to make up her/his own mind on the subject. Any scientists or students willing to understand how individuals come to existence should read this thought-provoking and inspiring piece of work." Bernard Thierry in American Journal of Human Biology
"Careful editing prevents the differences among the eleven thought-provoking individual |
Frédéric Bouchard a obtenu un baccalauréat et une maîtrise à
l'Université de Montréal, puis un doctorat en philosophie à
Duke University (Ph.D. 2004). Il a ensuite effectué un stage
postdoctoral à l'Institute for the History and Philosophy of
Science and Technology de l'Université de Toronto. Il est
depuis 2005 professeur au département de philosophie de
l'Université de Montréal et le premier titulaire de la chaire ÉSOPE en philosophie (2014-2018). Depuis 2014 il est le directeur du Centre
interuniversitaire de recherche sur la science et la
technologie (CIRST).
Philosophe des sciences et philosophe de la biologie, ses
recherches interdisciplinaires portent principalement sur les fondements
théoriques de la biologie évolutionnaire et de l'écologie. Par ses recherches et enseignement, il essaie de montrer l'apport de la philosophie à la recherche scientifique et à notre compréhension de la nature et, inversement, comment les avancées de la science peuvent contribuer à nos réflexions philosophiques classiques.
Lauréat des prix d'excellence en enseignement 2008 de la part
de la Faculté
des
arts et des sciences ainsi que de la part de l' Université
de
Montréal, et depuis juin 2012 il est directeur du programme de DESS
en environnement et développement durable.
Avec des collègues de l'Université de Paris I, University of
Cambridge, Duke University, University of Toronto et
l'Université de Montréal, il a fondé le Consortium d'histoire
et philosophie de la biologie (www.chpb.info) qui permet aux étudiants et professeurs des cinq universités partenaires d'échanger annuellement sur des questions d'épistémologie des sciences du vivant.
Il est le président (2014-2015) de l'association canadienne de philosophie et le vice-président de la société canadienne d'histoire et philosophie des sciences.
Il est aussi membre du conseil d'administration et du comité de vérification du Fonds de recherche du Québec-Société et Culture FRQ-SC (2012-2015)(www.fqrsc.gouv.qc.ca) et a été élu au conseil d'administration et au comité exécutif de l'association francophone pour le savoir (ACFAS) .
Objets de recherche: Ses recherches portent sur l'épistémologie des sciences de la vie, en particulier la théorie de l'évolution et l'écologie, ainsi que sur la science en général et son rapport à la société. Ses travaux récents ont porté sur les fondements de la théorie de l'évolution, en particulier sur les manières dont les biologistes définissent et mesurent la fitness, et, en écologie, sur la manière de concevoir ce qu'est un écosystème et la biodiversité. Il s'intéresse aussi à
diverses questions d'épistémologie des sciences telles le rôle de l'expertise scientifique dans le débat démocratique et les décisions publiques, et aussi
la question ontologique de l'individualité biologique (par ex. les
colonies de termites et les écosystèmes peuvent-ils être
étudiés en tant que ‘superorganisme' et qu'est-ce que cela nous apprend sur notre compréhension de ce qu'est un individu).
On peut lire ses réflexions sur ces questions dans,entre
autres, Philosophy of
Science, Biology
and Philosophy, British
Journal
for
the Philosophy of Science, Biological
Theory, ainsi que dans la Stanford
Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Il a co-édité avec Philippe Huneman (CRNS-Paris I) From Groups to Individuals:
Evolution and Emerging Individuality, MIT Press, 288p, 2013. (voir Publications)
Des informations supplémentaires sont disponibles dans son CVcourt
ou CVcomplet
Entrevue dans le magazine L’actualité, Janvier 2015
Entrevue dans le magazine Québec Science, décembre 2014
After completing a BA and MA in philosophy at the Université
de Montréal, Frédéric Bouchard completed a PhD in philosophy
at Duke University (Ph.D. 2004). He went on to pursue a
post-doc fellowship at the IHPST, University of Toronto. Frédéric Bouchard has been a
professor at the Philosophy department, Université de
Montréal and is the first holder of the ÉSOPE Chair in philosophy (2014-2018). Since 2014 he is also director of the Centre
interuniversitaire de recherche sur la science et la
technologie (CIRST).
As a philosopher of science and a philosopher of biology, his
research interests focus on the theoretical foundations of
evolutionary biology and ecology.By his research and his teaching, he attempts to show how philosophy can contribute to clearer scientific thinking and conversely, how scientific findings can contribute to traditional philosophical questions.
He has received Teaching awards from the College
Arts
and Sciences and from a University-Wide
competition at the Université de Montréal. He is also the director for an interdisciplinary postgraduate degree in Environment
and
Sustainable Development
With colleagues from Université de Paris I, University of
Cambridge, Duke University, University of Toronto and
Université de Montréal, he founded the Consortium for the
history and philosophy of biology (
www.chpb.info). The consortium fosters exchanges among students and professors of member institutions in an annual workshop and other activities.
He is the President (2014-2015) of the the Canadian Philosophical Association and Vice-President of the Canadian Society for the History and Philosophy of Science
He is also member of the governing board and the audit committee of the Fonds de recherche du Québec-Société et Culture FRQ-SC (2012-2015)(www.fqrsc.gouv.qc.ca) and is an elected member of the gouverning board and the executive committee of the Association francophone pour le savoir (ACFAS)
Research: Frédéric Bouchard's research focuses
mainly on the concept of fitness and the role it plays in
evolutionary theory. We often reduce the process of evolution
to the expression "survival of the fittest". He is interested
in how biologists define and mesure fitness. He has also begun a research project on how biologists define and measure biodiversity. As a philosopher of science, he is also interested in the role of scientific expertise in public debate and in decision making, and the concept of biological
individuality.
His thoughts on these issues have been published in, among
other venues, Philosophy
of Science, Biology
and
Philosophy, British
Journal for the Philosophy of Science, Biological
Theory, and the Stanford
Encyclopedia of Philosophy.With Philippe Huneman (CRNS-Paris I) he has co-edited From Groups to Individuals:
Evolution and Emerging Individuality, MIT Press, 288p, 2013.(see Publications
)
More information is available in his shortCV or completeCV
Conférence TEDx Youth@Montréal "Why do we think we are so much better than other species" (2014)
I provide a new definition of evolutionary fitness. In my account, fitness is based on the idea that all lineages are selected for solving the same design-problem, namely Persistence Through Time (PTT). Current 'head-counting' conceptions of fitness already provide fine-grain microevolutionary descriptions (and eventually predictions). My analysis improves on these accounts by making it possible to integrate some biological cases that do no fit the current view. I argue that by acknowledging these 'exceptions' and changing our account of fitness we will move closer to a universal biological law.
Département de philosophie, Université de Montréal
Pavillon 2910 Édouard-Montpetit, Faculté des arts et des sciences
CP 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville
Montréal QC
H3C 3J7
Canada
Philosophy Department, University of Montreal
Building 2910 Edouard-Montpetit, Faculty of Arts and Sciences
P.O.Box 6128, Station Centre-ville
Montreal, Quebec
H3C 3J7 Canada
2910
Blvd. Édouard-Montpetit, local 402
(métro Université de Montréal)
2910
Édouard-Montpetit Blvd., Office 402
(Subway Station Université de Montréal,)